Employers Face Growing ‘Retirement Outcomes Gap’ in 401(k) Plans: WTW

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WTW 2026 Defined Contribution Survey report finds employers are asking defined contribution plans to do more than they were originally designed for, prompting greater focus on retirement income, AI, governance, and measurable participant outcomes

By Brian Anderson

This article was originally published by 401k Specialist.

There is a gap between what employers expect their 401(k) to achieve and what it was actually designed to do, and it’s leading to mounting pressure to prove plans work, according to the WTW 2026 Defined Contribution Survey report, released today.

U.S. employers are facing a clear retirement readiness challenge: they value defined contribution (DC) plans, but many still lack a precise view of whether those plans are helping employees retire on time and with confidence. In the survey of 547 U.S. plan sponsors, 60% have a working definition of retirement readiness, split among income replacement (40%), retiring on time (39%) and retirement confidence (39%) (sponsors could select more than one option).

The finding underscores what WTW calls a retirement outcomes gap, and says is now a growing business concern for employers. Employers are asking their DC plans to deliver more than ever: enhancing the employee experience (69%) and improving retirement outcomes (63%) top their objectives for the next two years, and three in four rank retirement savings as a core or top priority within total rewards. But WTW adds that many plans are still measured, governed and delivered for a different era, leaving a gap between what employers expect and what their plans are built to achieve. Sponsors are reassessing governance, resources and plan design to move beyond commitment to impact.

“The retirement outcomes gap is a call to action,” said Chris West, Senior Managing Director and Defined Contribution Strategy Leader, WTW. “Employers have invested heavily in retirement programs, but the next challenge is proving these programs are moving employees closer to retirement readiness. Advanced analytics can help sponsors see where gaps are emerging and what actions may matter most, leading to more impactful solutions and better outcomes.”

The survey shows where plans stall, and where employers are starting to act:

  • Averages hide the people at risk: Sponsors often monitor aggregate, plan-level metrics such as participation rates, but fewer break results down by employee group, where gaps in access, savings behavior and outcomes are often most visible.
  • Plan design is being retooled for impact: Half of sponsors say minor or moderate retirement plan design updates are needed. As cost pressures persist, employers are looking for changes that make plans more relevant, flexible and aligned with retirement readiness goals.
  • Plan governance continues to evolve: Closing the retirement outcomes gap will require many sponsors to rebalance time and resources spent on administration and governance. One in five sponsors are looking to delegate future delivery support, transferring administration and fiduciary responsibilities so their teams can spend more time on strategy focused on improving participant outcomes.
  • Support stops before the finish line: Plans have gotten better at helping employees accumulate savings, but support diminishes when it matters most: the transition into retirement, when workers face critical decisions about their readiness and the prospective distribution and investment options that determine whether savings become sustainable income. To enhance support, three out of 10 sponsors are planning to offer an in-plan retirement income solution.

Understanding retirement income solutions

WTW says the stakes extend beyond the benefits department. When employees do not feel ready to retire, they often do not, whatever their account balance says, and delayed retirements ripple into workforce planning, succession and talent costs. Employers in the survey consistently tie their retirement objectives to broader workforce goals, including attraction, retention and timely workforce transitions.

The retirement outcomes gap has new urgency as workers are increasingly confronted with large, abstract retirement savings targets. For many Americans, the workplace DC plan is their primary retirement vehicle, which puts employers at the center of translating those headline numbers into something a worker can act on.

“Headlines keep telling workers they need a specific amount of retirement savings. Even retirement professionals struggle to say what the numbers mean until they are translated into a monthly lifestyle,” said Dave Amendola, Managing Director and Intellectual Capital and Innovation Leader, Defined Contribution Strategy, WTW. “That is the gap employers are wrestling with: helping employees understand what their savings actually mean and supporting confident decisions that help convert an account balance into retirement income.”

Rebecca Tadikonda, CEO of Vitera, says auto-income solutions can help DC plans improve participant retirement outcomes.

“Employers and plan sponsors increasingly recognize that helping employees save for retirement is only part of the job. There is growing interest in helping workers understand how those savings can translate into income after they retire,” Tadikonda said. 

She adds that for years, 401(k) plans were primarily designed around accumulation: contribution rates, investment menus and target-date funds, all with their own auto-features to make navigating the process easier. The next evolution is helping participants create income in a simple, automatic way without sacrificing control of their savings.

“Auto income solutions can help employees easily convert their lump sum 401(k) savings into retirement income, making the transition from saving to spending less intimidating and more manageable,” she said. “It’s one of the ways that plan sponsors and employers are able to restore the most loved feature from traditional pension plans—income you can’t outlive—within a 401(k) construct.”

AI also part of the answer

The WTW research also found employers see AI as part of the answer, in certain areas. Nearly four in five (79%) are willing to use artificial intelligence (AI) for plan analytics, 73% to automate routine processes and 72% to personalize employee communications. Willingness wanes as stakes rise: 37% for compliance and risk management, 33% for recordkeeper oversight and 29% for fiduciary governance, with data privacy and security the most common reservation (74%). The pattern reflects where accountability sits: sponsors are more comfortable when AI provides education, as opposed to when it touches fiduciary responsibilities.

“Employers are most comfortable using AI where it can make retirement programs more responsive, efficient and insight driven,” West said. “The opportunity is to use these tools to better engage participants, streamline administration and help sponsors understand where plan design, investment strategy and participant support can have the greatest impact.”

The survey suggests four steps for closing the retirement outcomes gap: define retirement readiness in measurable terms, use enhanced plan data and AI-enabled analytics to identify where support is needed, shift time and resources from administration toward outcomes, and extend more personalized support through the transition into retirement.

The complete findings are available in the WTW 2026 Defined Contribution Survey report.